These beautiful North American natives (Geranium maculatum) light up the late spring woods with pale pink and purple flowers and the various cultivars bloom all sorts of colors well into autumn. They have deeply lobed (5 lobes, serrated) palmate leaves that grow in mounds or clumps.
Domesticated cultivars may sprawl. The mounds may be up to two feet tall. Wild types produce pale pink to lavender saucer-shaped hermaphrodite flowers with five petals from April to June. After about six to eight weeks, “beaked” seedpods are formed which are said to resemble crane’s bills. These seedpods explode in the height of summer, sending seeds everywhere. The exploded pod looks sort of like a little flower itself. The root produces rhizomes. The stems are slightly hairy.
Geraniums attract butterflies and moths and are an important food source for the larval stage of several species including Lacinipolia lorea, Heliothis virescens, and Hemerocampa leucostigma. The foliage is also browsed on by deer and small woodland rodents enjoy the seeds. These don’t seem to cause lasting harm for the most part.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
Geraniums come in various enticing varieties, such as the scented rose geraniums and the vibrant pelargoniums, each with distinct fragrances and appearances.
Propagation of geraniums is surprisingly easy; you can grow new plants from cuttings, seeds, or division, making them a popular choice for both beginners and seasoned gardeners.
When harvesting geraniums for their essential oils, timing is crucial, with the highest concentration of aromatic oils typically found in the leaves and stems during the morning.
Geraniums have a rich history in magical practices, from warding off negativity to enhancing love spells, and their unique attributes make them a fascinating addition to any magical garden or ritual.
They can grow wild all over the Northeastern United States and many cultivars are sold in nurseries. Geraniums make wonderful ground covers for part shade to full sun and look lovely in containers as well.
If you have geraniums growing in your flower beds and window boxes you may be thinking “This doesn’t sound anything like my geraniums” and you may be right. The flowers sold most often in nurseries under “geranium” are actually Pelargoniums, native to Africa. The confusion goes back to Linnaeus.
Other Names Crane’s bill, Spotted Geranium, Spotted Cranesbill, Wood Geranium, Spotted Cranesbill, Wild Cranesbill, Crowfoot, Dove’s-foot, Old Maid’s Nightcap, Shameface, hardy geranium, wild geranium
Note: When most people say geranium, they mean pelargonium
Contents
Geranium Varieties and Descriptions
| Geranium Variety | Description |
|---|---|
| Rose Geranium | Known for its rosy scent and commonly used in perfumes, skincare products, and aromatherapy. |
| Lemon Geranium | Has a citrusy fragrance and is used in cooking, aromatherapy, and for repelling insects. |
| Peppermint Geranium | Possesses a minty scent and is used for its uplifting properties in aromatherapy and skincare. |
| Apple Geranium | Emits a sweet apple-like scent and is used in perfumes, soaps, and as a flavoring in culinary dishes. |
| Nutmeg Geranium | Has a warm and spicy aroma reminiscent of nutmeg and is often used in perfumes and potpourri. |
| Geranium ‘Rozanne’ | A popular hybrid variety with vibrant purple-blue flowers and a long blooming season. |
| Geranium ‘Johnson’s Blue’ | Another popular hybrid with delicate blue flowers that thrives in cooler climates. |
History and Folklore
The word Geranium comes from the Greek geranos meaning “crane”
The Wild Geranium rhizome is rich in tannin and was used by early American settlers to tan hides.
Propagation
These geraniums transplant well and also grow well from seed. They will grow well in sun if kept moist but prefer shady areas. If you do plant yours in the sun, be aware that they will go dormant during very hot, dry periods, but will often come back when conditions improve. The soil should be rich and humusy, like the woodland floor. If you choose the right spot, your geraniums will grow and spread with little attention from you.
Space the plants about 20 inches apart for use as a ground cover. They will spread.
Flowers bloom for a very long period, but this plant does not re-bloom. Therefore, deadheading is not necessary to encourage more blooming, but you may want to do it if you want to discourage spread.
Harvesting & Storage
Leaves and roots should both be harvested just before the plant flowers and then dried for later use. Alternatively, the rhizome/root can be harvested in the autumn.
Hang to dry or lay on a screen until firm yet flexible. Seal in a glass jar and store in a cool dry place.
Place small canvas bags over the seed heads (like the little drawstring herb bags) to catch the seeds when they ripen.
Magical Attributes
A tea of Wild Geranium flowers effectively counters many love spells. A bit of the root can be carried as an amulet to attract happiness and prosperity. It can also be used in spells to encourage conception, successful pregnancy and safe childbirth, especially in sympathetic spells.
| Magickal Use | Description |
|---|---|
| Love and Relationships | Geranium is associated with love, passion, and enhancing romantic relationships. |
| Protection | Geranium can be used in protective spells and rituals to ward off negative energy and influences. |
| Balance and Harmony | Geranium is used to bring balance and harmony to one’s life, relationships, and emotions. |
| Healing | Geranium is believed to possess healing energies and can be used in rituals for physical well-being. |
| Creativity | Geranium is associated with stimulating creativity and enhancing artistic expression. |
| Psychic Protection | Geranium is used for psychic protection, shielding from negative energies and psychic attacks. |
Healing Attributes
Infusions may be made of any part of the plant for treating diarrhea, dysentery, irritable bowel, cholera, kidney problems, internal bleeding and many other issues that call for the use of an astringent. It is also antiseptic and may be applied externally for issues involving pus, discharge and inflammations.
| Healing Use | Description |
|---|---|
| Wound Healing | Geranium oil is used topically to promote wound healing, reduce inflammation, and prevent infection. |
| Skin Care | Geranium is beneficial for various skin conditions, including acne, eczema, and dry skin. |
| Menstrual Support | Geranium essential oil is used in aromatherapy to alleviate menstrual cramps and balance hormones. |
| Respiratory Health | Geranium oil can help relieve symptoms of respiratory conditions, such as coughs and congestion. |
| Emotional Balance | Geranium is used in aromatherapy for its calming properties, promoting emotional balance and relaxation. |
| Insect Repellent | The strong scent of geranium acts as a natural insect repellent, helping to deter mosquitoes and bugs. |
It can be used as a douche or gargle to this affect if called for. The powdered, dried root can be used as a styptic.
Although the entire plant is effective, the rhizome contains the highest concentration of tannin and healing properties.
Learn More Online
Jim McDonald on Wild Geranium on HerbTV on Youtube
Identifying Wild Geranium, //Geranium maculatum// on MyNature Apps on Youtube
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